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環(huán)境介紹：CentOs7.3 64位系統(tǒng) oracle 安裝包文件 11.2.0.4linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip2.安裝依賴包 （保證服務(wù)器連接網(wǎng)絡(luò) 直接**即可自動下載安裝）yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh numactl-devel glibc-headers unzip zip3.修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)vim /ect/sysctl.confshmall=是全部允許使用的共享內(nèi)存大小，shmmax 是單個段允許使用的大小。這兩個可以設(shè)置為內(nèi)存的 90%。例如 16G 內(nèi)存，16*1024*1024*1024*90% = 15461882265，shmall 的大小為 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873。按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)fs.file-max = 6815744fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 12net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出要使 /etc/sysctl.conf 更改立即生效， 輸入：sysctl -p4.修改用戶資源限制vi /etc/security/limits.conf 按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)容 oracle soft nproc 65536 oracle hard nproc 65536 oracle soft nofile 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 65536編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出

5.修改/etc/pam.d/login配置文件vi /etc/pam.d/login按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)容 ）session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出6.修改 /etc/profile vi /etc/profile按i進入編輯模式添加如下內(nèi)容 if [ $USER = "oracle" ] ; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出7.創(chuàng)建oracle屬組并添加oracle 用戶并設(shè)置密碼（依次執(zhí)行下面命令即可 密碼會要求輸入兩次） groupadd oinstallgroupadd dbauseradd -g oinstall -G dba oraclepasswd oracle #設(shè)置oracle賬戶密碼id oracle #查看用戶id和所屬組8.創(chuàng)建oracle安裝目錄并賦予 oracle用戶訪問權(quán)限（依次執(zhí)行下面命令即可） mkdir -p /mos/oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oracle chmod -R 775 /mos #創(chuàng)建oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件目錄 mkdir -p /mos/oraInventory #oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件目錄 chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oraInventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/database chown oracle:oinstall /mos9.配置環(huán)境變量（su – oracle 切換oracle用戶 直接執(zhí)行 vi .bash_profile 按i進入編輯模式 錄入如下內(nèi)容export ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle;export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;export ORACLE_SID=orcl;export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/**in:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出執(zhí)行命令直接生效 source .bash_profile10.創(chuàng)建oraInst.locvim /etc/oraInst.loc沒有這個文件錄入以下內(nèi)容保存后會新建 inventory_loc=/mos/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出11.上傳安裝文件并解壓到 /mos/文件夾下（此時該文件夾下會生成一個database的文件夾） yum install -y unzip zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /mos unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /mos12.修改oracle安裝應(yīng)答模板文件db_install.rsp文件 vi /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp 按i進入編輯模式在對應(yīng)的位置填入?yún)?shù) oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle/app/oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true 仔細檢查不要漏添錯填 編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出//安裝類型,只裝數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件//主機名稱（命令hostname查詢）// 安裝組//INVENTORY目錄（**不填就是默認值,本例此 處需修改,因個人創(chuàng)建安裝目錄而定）// 選擇語言// oracle_home *路徑根據(jù)目錄情況注意修改 本例安裝路徑/opt/app/oracle// oracle_base *注意修改// oracle版本//自定義安裝，否，使用默認組件//dba用戶組//oper用戶組//數(shù)據(jù)庫類型//globalDBName//SID（**此處注意與環(huán)境變量內(nèi)配置SID一致）//自動管理內(nèi)存的內(nèi)存(M)//設(shè)定所有數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶使用同一個密碼//（手動寫了false）// **注意此參數(shù) 設(shè)定一定要為true13.運行安裝文件先使用root用戶 給oracle用戶賦予opt目錄權(quán)限chown oracle:oinstall /mos切換為oracle執(zhí)行以下安裝**作./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp正常大概2分鐘安裝完成1.關(guān)閉安全措施# service iptables stop // 暫時關(guān)閉防火墻，重啟系統(tǒng)后會自動打開# chkconfig iptables off // **關(guān)閉防火墻 (7.3 不用iptables，用firewalld)# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config // 關(guān)閉Selinux# systemctl status firewalld.service //查看防火墻狀態(tài)# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關(guān)閉防火墻# systemctl disable firewalld.service //禁止使用防火墻（重啟也是禁止的）4G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 1048576 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 2147483648#最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576

8G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 4294967296 #最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 104857616G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 4194304 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 8564768768 #最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576###################################################################### Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved.#### #### Specify values for the variables listed below to customize #### your installation. #### #### Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment #### can help to populate the variables with the appropriate #### values. #### #### IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and #### should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user #### or db administrator who owns this installation. #### #######################################################################——————————————————————————# Do not change the following system generated value. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation option.# It can be one of the following:# – INSTALL_DB_SWONLY# – INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG# – UPGRADE_DB#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG#——————————————————————————-# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames # and network interfaces)#——————————————————————————-ORACLE_HOSTNAME=Mosdb1#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #——————————————————————————-UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#——————————————————————————-# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.# This is an optional parameter if installing on# Windows based Operating System.#——————————————————————————-INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory#——————————————————————————-# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed. # # en : English ja : Japanese # fr : French ko : Korean # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian # hr : Croatian pl : Polish # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese # da : Danish ro : Romanian # nl : Dutch ru : Russian # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish # de : German sv : Swedish # el : Greek th : Thai # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese # it : Italian ## all_langs : All languages## Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja## Specify value as the following to select all the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs #——————————————————————————-SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.#——————————————————————————ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. #——————————————————————————ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation edition of the component. # # The value should contain only one of these choices. # – EE : Enterprise Edition # – SE : Standard Edition # – SEONE : Standard Edition One# – PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install and is considered# only if InstallEdition is EE.## true : Components mentioned as part of 'optionalComponents' property# are considered for install.# false : Value for 'optionalComponents' is not considered.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false#——————————————————————————# This variable is considered only if 'EEOptionsSelection' is set to true. ## Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to enable.## The following choices are available. You may specify any# combination of these choices. The components you choose should# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"# Below is a list of components you may specify to enable.# # oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle OLAP# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Data Mining# oracle.rdbms.**:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Database Vault# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Label Security# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Partitioning# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Real Application Testing#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=################################################################################ ## PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS ## —————————————— ## Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges ## needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the # # group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. ## ## The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based ## Operating System. ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba#——————————————————————————# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#——————————————————————————# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable RAC One Node install.## – true : Value of RAC One Node service name is used.# – false : Value of RAC One Node service name is not used.## If left blank, it will be assumed to be false#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false#——————————————————————————# Specify the name for RAC One Node Service. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=#——————————————————————————# Specify the type of database to create.# It can be one of the following:# – GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING # – DATA_WAREHOUSE #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database SID.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database character set.# # It can be one of the following:# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK#——————————————————————————# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management # in Database is desired.# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation# is to be done manually, then set it to false.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available # on the system.# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=2048#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1600#——————————————————————————# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto# the starter database or not.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false#——————————————————————————# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default. # These settings may also be disabled. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true################################################################################ ## Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the ## starter database: ## SYS ## SYSTEM ## SY**AN (used by Enterprise Manager) ## DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) ## ## Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) ## or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the# starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=mosx38555#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SY**AN password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SY**AN=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database. # It can be one of the following:# – GRID_CONTROL# – DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage # the database. #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=################################################################################ ## SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS ## ———————————— ## Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned ## using the entries below. # # #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else # this can be set to true.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false#——————————————————————————# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user that is # specified in this variable.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=#——————————————————————————-# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user specified by the # above entry. The following entry stores the password for the above operating # system user.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.# It can be one of the following:# – FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE# – A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control# files, redo logs. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/mos/oracle/oradata#——————————————————————————-# Specify the backup and recovery location.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the existing A** disk groups to be used for storage.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.diskGroup=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the password for A**SNMP user of the A** instance. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.A**SNMPPassword=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=#——————————————————————————# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.## Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true#——————————————————————————SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false#——————————————————————————# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure# Security Updates, false otherwise. ## The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed# to be false.## Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false#——————————————————————————DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.## Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com #——————————————————————————PROXY_HOST=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and at least 2 chars.## Example : PROXY_PORT=25 #——————————————————————————PROXY_PORT=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_USER=username #——————————————————————————PROXY_USER=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_PWD=password #——————————————————————————PROXY_PWD=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy realm. This value is used if auto-updates option is selected.## Example : PROXY_REALM=metalink #——————————————————————————PROXY_REALM=#——————————————————————————# Specify the Oracle Support Hub URL. # # Example : COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=https://orasupporthub.company.com:8080/#——————————————————————————COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=#——————————————————————————# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:# – MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD# – OFFLINE_UPDATES# – SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————# In case MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD option is chosen, specify the location where# the updates are to be downloaded.# In case OFFLINE_UPDATES option is chosen, specify the location where the updates # are present.#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.## Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=13.增加自啟動服務(wù)用root用戶增加文件vi /etc/init.d/oracledb寫入以下內(nèi)容#!/bin/bash#chkconfig:345 61 61#description:Orcale start ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracleORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_OWNR=oracleexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=orclif [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]then echo "Oracle startup: cannot start" exit 1ficase "$1" in start) # Oracle listener and instance startup echo -n "Starting Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" touch /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; stop) # Oracle listener and instance shutdown echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" rm -f /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload" exit 1esacexit 0保存退出后，增加到服務(wù)中chkconfig –add oracledb查看執(zhí)行結(jié)果chkconfig –list oracledboracledb 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off13.開啟停止EM啟動emctl start dbconsole

停止emctl stop dbconsole

拓展知識：

win7安裝蘋果系統(tǒng)教程

蘋果Mac電腦只裝win7系統(tǒng)方法：
準(zhǔn)備:

1.WINDOWS的鏡像文件;(win7)
2.U盤;(建議使用8GB U盤，這樣可以方便等一下直接將windows 鏡像直接放在里面)
3.一臺可用的PC機;(用于制作U盤啟動)
4.BOOT CAMP for windows;
其他用于WINDOWS系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)備工具，就根據(jù)自己需求自行下載，比如windows 激活軟件等。
詳細步驟：
第1步，卸載MAC系統(tǒng)。
　開機時按住option鍵，進入模式選擇菜單，選擇修復(fù)MAC 10.X，第二選擇“磁盤工具”選項，進入之后在左邊選擇硬盤Macintosh，點擊后邊的“抹掉”，抹掉的時候注意，將硬盤格式一定要改為“ms-dos(fat)”格式，因為蘋果的硬盤格式默認為HFS+格式，這個格式PE是沒有辦法去識別的，所以一定要改為FAT格式的。如果MAC電腦已經(jīng)有幾個分區(qū)，那都按照上面的辦法一一的把每一個分區(qū)抹掉，格式改為“ms-dos (fat)”格式。很多朋友其實也就是被困擾在這里，所以改格式很關(guān)鍵。
第2步，制作WINPE U盤啟動工具
　　推薦使用 老毛桃 U盤啟動。
　　按照里面的教程，下載并制作好winpe U盤啟動設(shè)備。做好之后，把之前準(zhǔn)備好的WINDOWS的GHO文件或者是IOS文件放入U盤里面的“GHO文件夾”里面。
第3步，安裝WINDOWS
　　把制作好的U盤插入電腦，同樣，開機安裝option鍵，出來選項之后，選擇windows選項，此時電腦會進入讀取U盤里面的winpe系統(tǒng)，

PS: 圖中電腦系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)是WINDOWS，所以左邊那個盤也是WINDOWS，這個無關(guān)緊要，反正選如圖中紅色框里面的WINDOWS就可以了。
接下來會進入到菜單選項，如下圖，選擇第2個，“運行老毛桃Win7PE x 86精簡版” 。

(PS: 在此說明一下，這邊千萬不要按照之前老毛桃網(wǎng)站里面的教程里面選【4】和【1】，“不進PE安裝GHO到硬盤第一分區(qū)”，因為必須要再次對硬盤進行分區(qū)和格式化，所以還需要多一個步驟。)
第二開始加載，如下圖，等待。

進入PE之后，先取消只能快速安裝，還需要分區(qū)，點“取消”。

打開內(nèi)置在PE里面的”DISKGENIUS分區(qū)工具”, 如下圖：

進入分區(qū)工具之后，如下圖，紅框里面就是現(xiàn)在的硬盤分區(qū)狀況，分別對著它們點右鍵，刪除當(dāng)前分區(qū)，不論彈出什么，點“是”。

刪完了之后，紅框里面的分區(qū)會合并成為一條會灰色的條(好像是灰色)，為未分區(qū)狀態(tài)。
　　第二點上方的快速分區(qū)，如下圖紅框所示：

　根據(jù)自己的需要對硬盤進行分區(qū)，格式建議還是選擇NTFS格式，以后會省去很多的麻煩。
分好之后，確定，跑完了之后關(guān)掉分區(qū)工具就可以了。
　　第二現(xiàn)在再打開“我的電腦”，看看是不是按照選的那樣，已經(jīng)分區(qū)成功了，如果沒有，重復(fù)做上面的動作，一定是哪個地方點錯了，不管提示什么，選擇“是”就對了。
　　現(xiàn)在再來“打開老毛桃PE一鍵裝機”，如下圖：

選擇分好的系統(tǒng)盤C盤，確定，第二又開始跑。
　　至此，接下來就等著，加載好鏡像之后電腦會自動重啟，重啟的時候會停在白色屏幕大概半分鐘的時間，千萬別心慌，正常的現(xiàn)象，靜靜的等著，第二WINDOWS開始安裝，第二就好了。
第4步，安裝驅(qū)動
　因為現(xiàn)在的WINDOWS鏡像基本都是內(nèi)置好驅(qū)動安裝程序的，所以安裝WINDOWS的時候顯卡，聲卡等這些的驅(qū)動都一般會一起裝好的，但是裝好WINDOWS之后，會發(fā)現(xiàn)鍵盤燈不亮了，雙指觸摸的右鍵功能也沒了，這時再打開前面準(zhǔn)備好的BOOT CAMP，再次附下載好之后，解壓出來，得到如下文件，如下圖：

打開BootCamp文件夾，點擊Setup，如下圖：

第二就等著慢慢安裝，大概5到8分鐘。
　　安裝好了之后，右下角MAC系統(tǒng)里面熟悉的BOOT CAMP，出現(xiàn)了。如下圖：

第二按照習(xí)慣自己去設(shè)置，鍵盤燈也亮了，鍵盤的附屬功能也有了。安裝完成。

前沿拓展：

環(huán)境介紹：CentOs7.3 64位系統(tǒng) oracle 安裝包文件 11.2.0.4linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip2.安裝依賴包 （保證服務(wù)器連接網(wǎng)絡(luò) 直接**即可自動下載安裝）yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh numactl-devel glibc-headers unzip zip3.修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)vim /ect/sysctl.confshmall=是全部允許使用的共享內(nèi)存大小，shmmax 是單個段允許使用的大小。這兩個可以設(shè)置為內(nèi)存的 90%。例如 16G 內(nèi)存，16*1024*1024*1024*90% = 15461882265，shmall 的大小為 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873。按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)fs.file-max = 6815744fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 12net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出要使 /etc/sysctl.conf 更改立即生效， 輸入：sysctl -p4.修改用戶資源限制vi /etc/security/limits.conf 按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)容 oracle soft nproc 65536 oracle hard nproc 65536 oracle soft nofile 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 65536編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出

5.修改/etc/pam.d/login配置文件vi /etc/pam.d/login按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)容 ）session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出6.修改 /etc/profile vi /etc/profile按i進入編輯模式添加如下內(nèi)容 if [ $USER = "oracle" ] ; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出7.創(chuàng)建oracle屬組并添加oracle 用戶并設(shè)置密碼（依次執(zhí)行下面命令即可 密碼會要求輸入兩次） groupadd oinstallgroupadd dbauseradd -g oinstall -G dba oraclepasswd oracle #設(shè)置oracle賬戶密碼id oracle #查看用戶id和所屬組8.創(chuàng)建oracle安裝目錄并賦予 oracle用戶訪問權(quán)限（依次執(zhí)行下面命令即可） mkdir -p /mos/oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oracle chmod -R 775 /mos #創(chuàng)建oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件目錄 mkdir -p /mos/oraInventory #oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件目錄 chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oraInventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/database chown oracle:oinstall /mos9.配置環(huán)境變量（su – oracle 切換oracle用戶 直接執(zhí)行 vi .bash_profile 按i進入編輯模式 錄入如下內(nèi)容export ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle;export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;export ORACLE_SID=orcl;export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/**in:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出執(zhí)行命令直接生效 source .bash_profile10.創(chuàng)建oraInst.locvim /etc/oraInst.loc沒有這個文件錄入以下內(nèi)容保存后會新建 inventory_loc=/mos/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出11.上傳安裝文件并解壓到 /mos/文件夾下（此時該文件夾下會生成一個database的文件夾） yum install -y unzip zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /mos unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /mos12.修改oracle安裝應(yīng)答模板文件db_install.rsp文件 vi /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp 按i進入編輯模式在對應(yīng)的位置填入?yún)?shù) oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle/app/oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true 仔細檢查不要漏添錯填 編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出//安裝類型,只裝數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件//主機名稱（命令hostname查詢）// 安裝組//INVENTORY目錄（**不填就是默認值,本例此 處需修改,因個人創(chuàng)建安裝目錄而定）// 選擇語言// oracle_home *路徑根據(jù)目錄情況注意修改 本例安裝路徑/opt/app/oracle// oracle_base *注意修改// oracle版本//自定義安裝，否，使用默認組件//dba用戶組//oper用戶組//數(shù)據(jù)庫類型//globalDBName//SID（**此處注意與環(huán)境變量內(nèi)配置SID一致）//自動管理內(nèi)存的內(nèi)存(M)//設(shè)定所有數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶使用同一個密碼//（手動寫了false）// **注意此參數(shù) 設(shè)定一定要為true13.運行安裝文件先使用root用戶 給oracle用戶賦予opt目錄權(quán)限chown oracle:oinstall /mos切換為oracle執(zhí)行以下安裝**作./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp正常大概2分鐘安裝完成1.關(guān)閉安全措施# service iptables stop // 暫時關(guān)閉防火墻，重啟系統(tǒng)后會自動打開# chkconfig iptables off // **關(guān)閉防火墻 (7.3 不用iptables，用firewalld)# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config // 關(guān)閉Selinux# systemctl status firewalld.service //查看防火墻狀態(tài)# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關(guān)閉防火墻# systemctl disable firewalld.service //禁止使用防火墻（重啟也是禁止的）4G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 1048576 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 2147483648#最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576

8G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 4294967296 #最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 104857616G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 4194304 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 8564768768 #最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576###################################################################### Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved.#### #### Specify values for the variables listed below to customize #### your installation. #### #### Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment #### can help to populate the variables with the appropriate #### values. #### #### IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and #### should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user #### or db administrator who owns this installation. #### #######################################################################——————————————————————————# Do not change the following system generated value. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation option.# It can be one of the following:# – INSTALL_DB_SWONLY# – INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG# – UPGRADE_DB#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG#——————————————————————————-# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames # and network interfaces)#——————————————————————————-ORACLE_HOSTNAME=Mosdb1#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #——————————————————————————-UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#——————————————————————————-# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.# This is an optional parameter if installing on# Windows based Operating System.#——————————————————————————-INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory#——————————————————————————-# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed. # # en : English ja : Japanese # fr : French ko : Korean # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian # hr : Croatian pl : Polish # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese # da : Danish ro : Romanian # nl : Dutch ru : Russian # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish # de : German sv : Swedish # el : Greek th : Thai # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese # it : Italian ## all_langs : All languages## Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja## Specify value as the following to select all the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs #——————————————————————————-SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.#——————————————————————————ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. #——————————————————————————ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation edition of the component. # # The value should contain only one of these choices. # – EE : Enterprise Edition # – SE : Standard Edition # – SEONE : Standard Edition One# – PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install and is considered# only if InstallEdition is EE.## true : Components mentioned as part of 'optionalComponents' property# are considered for install.# false : Value for 'optionalComponents' is not considered.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false#——————————————————————————# This variable is considered only if 'EEOptionsSelection' is set to true. ## Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to enable.## The following choices are available. You may specify any# combination of these choices. The components you choose should# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"# Below is a list of components you may specify to enable.# # oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle OLAP# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Data Mining# oracle.rdbms.**:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Database Vault# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Label Security# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Partitioning# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Real Application Testing#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=################################################################################ ## PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS ## —————————————— ## Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges ## needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the # # group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. ## ## The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based ## Operating System. ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba#——————————————————————————# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#——————————————————————————# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable RAC One Node install.## – true : Value of RAC One Node service name is used.# – false : Value of RAC One Node service name is not used.## If left blank, it will be assumed to be false#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false#——————————————————————————# Specify the name for RAC One Node Service. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=#——————————————————————————# Specify the type of database to create.# It can be one of the following:# – GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING # – DATA_WAREHOUSE #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database SID.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database character set.# # It can be one of the following:# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK#——————————————————————————# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management # in Database is desired.# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation# is to be done manually, then set it to false.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available # on the system.# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=2048#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1600#——————————————————————————# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto# the starter database or not.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false#——————————————————————————# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default. # These settings may also be disabled. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true################################################################################ ## Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the ## starter database: ## SYS ## SYSTEM ## SY**AN (used by Enterprise Manager) ## DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) ## ## Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) ## or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the# starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=mosx38555#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SY**AN password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SY**AN=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database. # It can be one of the following:# – GRID_CONTROL# – DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage # the database. #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=################################################################################ ## SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS ## ———————————— ## Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned ## using the entries below. # # #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else # this can be set to true.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false#——————————————————————————# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user that is # specified in this variable.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=#——————————————————————————-# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user specified by the # above entry. The following entry stores the password for the above operating # system user.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.# It can be one of the following:# – FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE# – A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control# files, redo logs. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/mos/oracle/oradata#——————————————————————————-# Specify the backup and recovery location.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the existing A** disk groups to be used for storage.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.diskGroup=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the password for A**SNMP user of the A** instance. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.A**SNMPPassword=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=#——————————————————————————# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.## Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true#——————————————————————————SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false#——————————————————————————# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure# Security Updates, false otherwise. ## The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed# to be false.## Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false#——————————————————————————DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.## Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com #——————————————————————————PROXY_HOST=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and at least 2 chars.## Example : PROXY_PORT=25 #——————————————————————————PROXY_PORT=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_USER=username #——————————————————————————PROXY_USER=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_PWD=password #——————————————————————————PROXY_PWD=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy realm. This value is used if auto-updates option is selected.## Example : PROXY_REALM=metalink #——————————————————————————PROXY_REALM=#——————————————————————————# Specify the Oracle Support Hub URL. # # Example : COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=https://orasupporthub.company.com:8080/#——————————————————————————COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=#——————————————————————————# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:# – MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD# – OFFLINE_UPDATES# – SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————# In case MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD option is chosen, specify the location where# the updates are to be downloaded.# In case OFFLINE_UPDATES option is chosen, specify the location where the updates # are present.#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.## Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=13.增加自啟動服務(wù)用root用戶增加文件vi /etc/init.d/oracledb寫入以下內(nèi)容#!/bin/bash#chkconfig:345 61 61#description:Orcale start ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracleORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_OWNR=oracleexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=orclif [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]then echo "Oracle startup: cannot start" exit 1ficase "$1" in start) # Oracle listener and instance startup echo -n "Starting Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" touch /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; stop) # Oracle listener and instance shutdown echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" rm -f /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload" exit 1esacexit 0保存退出后，增加到服務(wù)中chkconfig –add oracledb查看執(zhí)行結(jié)果chkconfig –list oracledboracledb 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off13.開啟停止EM啟動emctl start dbconsole

停止emctl stop dbconsole

拓展知識：

win7安裝蘋果系統(tǒng)教程

蘋果Mac電腦只裝win7系統(tǒng)方法：
準(zhǔn)備:

1.WINDOWS的鏡像文件;(win7)
2.U盤;(建議使用8GB U盤，這樣可以方便等一下直接將windows 鏡像直接放在里面)
3.一臺可用的PC機;(用于制作U盤啟動)
4.BOOT CAMP for windows;
其他用于WINDOWS系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)備工具，就根據(jù)自己需求自行下載，比如windows 激活軟件等。
詳細步驟：
第1步，卸載MAC系統(tǒng)。
　開機時按住option鍵，進入模式選擇菜單，選擇修復(fù)MAC 10.X，第二選擇“磁盤工具”選項，進入之后在左邊選擇硬盤Macintosh，點擊后邊的“抹掉”，抹掉的時候注意，將硬盤格式一定要改為“ms-dos(fat)”格式，因為蘋果的硬盤格式默認為HFS+格式，這個格式PE是沒有辦法去識別的，所以一定要改為FAT格式的。如果MAC電腦已經(jīng)有幾個分區(qū)，那都按照上面的辦法一一的把每一個分區(qū)抹掉，格式改為“ms-dos (fat)”格式。很多朋友其實也就是被困擾在這里，所以改格式很關(guān)鍵。
第2步，制作WINPE U盤啟動工具
　　推薦使用 老毛桃 U盤啟動。
　　按照里面的教程，下載并制作好winpe U盤啟動設(shè)備。做好之后，把之前準(zhǔn)備好的WINDOWS的GHO文件或者是IOS文件放入U盤里面的“GHO文件夾”里面。
第3步，安裝WINDOWS
　　把制作好的U盤插入電腦，同樣，開機安裝option鍵，出來選項之后，選擇windows選項，此時電腦會進入讀取U盤里面的winpe系統(tǒng)，

PS: 圖中電腦系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)是WINDOWS，所以左邊那個盤也是WINDOWS，這個無關(guān)緊要，反正選如圖中紅色框里面的WINDOWS就可以了。
接下來會進入到菜單選項，如下圖，選擇第2個，“運行老毛桃Win7PE x 86精簡版” 。

(PS: 在此說明一下，這邊千萬不要按照之前老毛桃網(wǎng)站里面的教程里面選【4】和【1】，“不進PE安裝GHO到硬盤第一分區(qū)”，因為必須要再次對硬盤進行分區(qū)和格式化，所以還需要多一個步驟。)
第二開始加載，如下圖，等待。

進入PE之后，先取消只能快速安裝，還需要分區(qū)，點“取消”。

打開內(nèi)置在PE里面的”DISKGENIUS分區(qū)工具”, 如下圖：

進入分區(qū)工具之后，如下圖，紅框里面就是現(xiàn)在的硬盤分區(qū)狀況，分別對著它們點右鍵，刪除當(dāng)前分區(qū)，不論彈出什么，點“是”。

刪完了之后，紅框里面的分區(qū)會合并成為一條會灰色的條(好像是灰色)，為未分區(qū)狀態(tài)。
　　第二點上方的快速分區(qū)，如下圖紅框所示：

　根據(jù)自己的需要對硬盤進行分區(qū)，格式建議還是選擇NTFS格式，以后會省去很多的麻煩。
分好之后，確定，跑完了之后關(guān)掉分區(qū)工具就可以了。
　　第二現(xiàn)在再打開“我的電腦”，看看是不是按照選的那樣，已經(jīng)分區(qū)成功了，如果沒有，重復(fù)做上面的動作，一定是哪個地方點錯了，不管提示什么，選擇“是”就對了。
　　現(xiàn)在再來“打開老毛桃PE一鍵裝機”，如下圖：

選擇分好的系統(tǒng)盤C盤，確定，第二又開始跑。
　　至此，接下來就等著，加載好鏡像之后電腦會自動重啟，重啟的時候會停在白色屏幕大概半分鐘的時間，千萬別心慌，正常的現(xiàn)象，靜靜的等著，第二WINDOWS開始安裝，第二就好了。
第4步，安裝驅(qū)動
　因為現(xiàn)在的WINDOWS鏡像基本都是內(nèi)置好驅(qū)動安裝程序的，所以安裝WINDOWS的時候顯卡，聲卡等這些的驅(qū)動都一般會一起裝好的，但是裝好WINDOWS之后，會發(fā)現(xiàn)鍵盤燈不亮了，雙指觸摸的右鍵功能也沒了，這時再打開前面準(zhǔn)備好的BOOT CAMP，再次附下載好之后，解壓出來，得到如下文件，如下圖：

打開BootCamp文件夾，點擊Setup，如下圖：

第二就等著慢慢安裝，大概5到8分鐘。
　　安裝好了之后，右下角MAC系統(tǒng)里面熟悉的BOOT CAMP，出現(xiàn)了。如下圖：

第二按照習(xí)慣自己去設(shè)置，鍵盤燈也亮了，鍵盤的附屬功能也有了。安裝完成。

前沿拓展：

環(huán)境介紹：CentOs7.3 64位系統(tǒng) oracle 安裝包文件 11.2.0.4linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip2.安裝依賴包 （保證服務(wù)器連接網(wǎng)絡(luò) 直接**即可自動下載安裝）yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh numactl-devel glibc-headers unzip zip3.修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)vim /ect/sysctl.confshmall=是全部允許使用的共享內(nèi)存大小，shmmax 是單個段允許使用的大小。這兩個可以設(shè)置為內(nèi)存的 90%。例如 16G 內(nèi)存，16*1024*1024*1024*90% = 15461882265，shmall 的大小為 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873。按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)fs.file-max = 6815744fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 12net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出要使 /etc/sysctl.conf 更改立即生效， 輸入：sysctl -p4.修改用戶資源限制vi /etc/security/limits.conf 按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)容 oracle soft nproc 65536 oracle hard nproc 65536 oracle soft nofile 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 65536編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出

5.修改/etc/pam.d/login配置文件vi /etc/pam.d/login按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)容 ）session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出6.修改 /etc/profile vi /etc/profile按i進入編輯模式添加如下內(nèi)容 if [ $USER = "oracle" ] ; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出7.創(chuàng)建oracle屬組并添加oracle 用戶并設(shè)置密碼（依次執(zhí)行下面命令即可 密碼會要求輸入兩次） groupadd oinstallgroupadd dbauseradd -g oinstall -G dba oraclepasswd oracle #設(shè)置oracle賬戶密碼id oracle #查看用戶id和所屬組8.創(chuàng)建oracle安裝目錄并賦予 oracle用戶訪問權(quán)限（依次執(zhí)行下面命令即可） mkdir -p /mos/oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oracle chmod -R 775 /mos #創(chuàng)建oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件目錄 mkdir -p /mos/oraInventory #oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件目錄 chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oraInventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/database chown oracle:oinstall /mos9.配置環(huán)境變量（su – oracle 切換oracle用戶 直接執(zhí)行 vi .bash_profile 按i進入編輯模式 錄入如下內(nèi)容export ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle;export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;export ORACLE_SID=orcl;export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/**in:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出執(zhí)行命令直接生效 source .bash_profile10.創(chuàng)建oraInst.locvim /etc/oraInst.loc沒有這個文件錄入以下內(nèi)容保存后會新建 inventory_loc=/mos/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出11.上傳安裝文件并解壓到 /mos/文件夾下（此時該文件夾下會生成一個database的文件夾） yum install -y unzip zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /mos unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /mos12.修改oracle安裝應(yīng)答模板文件db_install.rsp文件 vi /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp 按i進入編輯模式在對應(yīng)的位置填入?yún)?shù) oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle/app/oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true 仔細檢查不要漏添錯填 編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出//安裝類型,只裝數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件//主機名稱（命令hostname查詢）// 安裝組//INVENTORY目錄（**不填就是默認值,本例此 處需修改,因個人創(chuàng)建安裝目錄而定）// 選擇語言// oracle_home *路徑根據(jù)目錄情況注意修改 本例安裝路徑/opt/app/oracle// oracle_base *注意修改// oracle版本//自定義安裝，否，使用默認組件//dba用戶組//oper用戶組//數(shù)據(jù)庫類型//globalDBName//SID（**此處注意與環(huán)境變量內(nèi)配置SID一致）//自動管理內(nèi)存的內(nèi)存(M)//設(shè)定所有數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶使用同一個密碼//（手動寫了false）// **注意此參數(shù) 設(shè)定一定要為true13.運行安裝文件先使用root用戶 給oracle用戶賦予opt目錄權(quán)限chown oracle:oinstall /mos切換為oracle執(zhí)行以下安裝**作./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp正常大概2分鐘安裝完成1.關(guān)閉安全措施# service iptables stop // 暫時關(guān)閉防火墻，重啟系統(tǒng)后會自動打開# chkconfig iptables off // **關(guān)閉防火墻 (7.3 不用iptables，用firewalld)# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config // 關(guān)閉Selinux# systemctl status firewalld.service //查看防火墻狀態(tài)# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關(guān)閉防火墻# systemctl disable firewalld.service //禁止使用防火墻（重啟也是禁止的）4G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 1048576 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 2147483648#最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576

8G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 4294967296 #最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 104857616G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 4194304 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 8564768768 #最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576###################################################################### Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved.#### #### Specify values for the variables listed below to customize #### your installation. #### #### Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment #### can help to populate the variables with the appropriate #### values. #### #### IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and #### should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user #### or db administrator who owns this installation. #### #######################################################################——————————————————————————# Do not change the following system generated value. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation option.# It can be one of the following:# – INSTALL_DB_SWONLY# – INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG# – UPGRADE_DB#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG#——————————————————————————-# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames # and network interfaces)#——————————————————————————-ORACLE_HOSTNAME=Mosdb1#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #——————————————————————————-UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#——————————————————————————-# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.# This is an optional parameter if installing on# Windows based Operating System.#——————————————————————————-INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory#——————————————————————————-# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed. # # en : English ja : Japanese # fr : French ko : Korean # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian # hr : Croatian pl : Polish # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese # da : Danish ro : Romanian # nl : Dutch ru : Russian # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish # de : German sv : Swedish # el : Greek th : Thai # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese # it : Italian ## all_langs : All languages## Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja## Specify value as the following to select all the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs #——————————————————————————-SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.#——————————————————————————ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. #——————————————————————————ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation edition of the component. # # The value should contain only one of these choices. # – EE : Enterprise Edition # – SE : Standard Edition # – SEONE : Standard Edition One# – PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install and is considered# only if InstallEdition is EE.## true : Components mentioned as part of 'optionalComponents' property# are considered for install.# false : Value for 'optionalComponents' is not considered.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false#——————————————————————————# This variable is considered only if 'EEOptionsSelection' is set to true. ## Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to enable.## The following choices are available. You may specify any# combination of these choices. The components you choose should# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"# Below is a list of components you may specify to enable.# # oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle OLAP# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Data Mining# oracle.rdbms.**:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Database Vault# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Label Security# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Partitioning# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Real Application Testing#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=################################################################################ ## PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS ## —————————————— ## Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges ## needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the # # group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. ## ## The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based ## Operating System. ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba#——————————————————————————# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#——————————————————————————# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable RAC One Node install.## – true : Value of RAC One Node service name is used.# – false : Value of RAC One Node service name is not used.## If left blank, it will be assumed to be false#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false#——————————————————————————# Specify the name for RAC One Node Service. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=#——————————————————————————# Specify the type of database to create.# It can be one of the following:# – GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING # – DATA_WAREHOUSE #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database SID.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database character set.# # It can be one of the following:# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK#——————————————————————————# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management # in Database is desired.# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation# is to be done manually, then set it to false.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available # on the system.# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=2048#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1600#——————————————————————————# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto# the starter database or not.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false#——————————————————————————# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default. # These settings may also be disabled. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true################################################################################ ## Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the ## starter database: ## SYS ## SYSTEM ## SY**AN (used by Enterprise Manager) ## DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) ## ## Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) ## or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the# starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=mosx38555#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SY**AN password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SY**AN=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database. # It can be one of the following:# – GRID_CONTROL# – DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage # the database. #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=################################################################################ ## SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS ## ———————————— ## Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned ## using the entries below. # # #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else # this can be set to true.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false#——————————————————————————# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user that is # specified in this variable.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=#——————————————————————————-# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user specified by the # above entry. The following entry stores the password for the above operating # system user.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.# It can be one of the following:# – FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE# – A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control# files, redo logs. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/mos/oracle/oradata#——————————————————————————-# Specify the backup and recovery location.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the existing A** disk groups to be used for storage.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.diskGroup=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the password for A**SNMP user of the A** instance. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.A**SNMPPassword=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=#——————————————————————————# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.## Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true#——————————————————————————SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false#——————————————————————————# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure# Security Updates, false otherwise. ## The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed# to be false.## Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false#——————————————————————————DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.## Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com #——————————————————————————PROXY_HOST=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and at least 2 chars.## Example : PROXY_PORT=25 #——————————————————————————PROXY_PORT=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_USER=username #——————————————————————————PROXY_USER=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_PWD=password #——————————————————————————PROXY_PWD=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy realm. This value is used if auto-updates option is selected.## Example : PROXY_REALM=metalink #——————————————————————————PROXY_REALM=#——————————————————————————# Specify the Oracle Support Hub URL. # # Example : COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=https://orasupporthub.company.com:8080/#——————————————————————————COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=#——————————————————————————# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:# – MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD# – OFFLINE_UPDATES# – SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————# In case MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD option is chosen, specify the location where# the updates are to be downloaded.# In case OFFLINE_UPDATES option is chosen, specify the location where the updates # are present.#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.## Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=13.增加自啟動服務(wù)用root用戶增加文件vi /etc/init.d/oracledb寫入以下內(nèi)容#!/bin/bash#chkconfig:345 61 61#description:Orcale start ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracleORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_OWNR=oracleexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=orclif [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]then echo "Oracle startup: cannot start" exit 1ficase "$1" in start) # Oracle listener and instance startup echo -n "Starting Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" touch /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; stop) # Oracle listener and instance shutdown echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" rm -f /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload" exit 1esacexit 0保存退出后，增加到服務(wù)中chkconfig –add oracledb查看執(zhí)行結(jié)果chkconfig –list oracledboracledb 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off13.開啟停止EM啟動emctl start dbconsole

停止emctl stop dbconsole

拓展知識：

win7安裝蘋果系統(tǒng)教程

蘋果Mac電腦只裝win7系統(tǒng)方法：
準(zhǔn)備:

1.WINDOWS的鏡像文件;(win7)
2.U盤;(建議使用8GB U盤，這樣可以方便等一下直接將windows 鏡像直接放在里面)
3.一臺可用的PC機;(用于制作U盤啟動)
4.BOOT CAMP for windows;
其他用于WINDOWS系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)備工具，就根據(jù)自己需求自行下載，比如windows 激活軟件等。
詳細步驟：
第1步，卸載MAC系統(tǒng)。
　開機時按住option鍵，進入模式選擇菜單，選擇修復(fù)MAC 10.X，第二選擇“磁盤工具”選項，進入之后在左邊選擇硬盤Macintosh，點擊后邊的“抹掉”，抹掉的時候注意，將硬盤格式一定要改為“ms-dos(fat)”格式，因為蘋果的硬盤格式默認為HFS+格式，這個格式PE是沒有辦法去識別的，所以一定要改為FAT格式的。如果MAC電腦已經(jīng)有幾個分區(qū)，那都按照上面的辦法一一的把每一個分區(qū)抹掉，格式改為“ms-dos (fat)”格式。很多朋友其實也就是被困擾在這里，所以改格式很關(guān)鍵。
第2步，制作WINPE U盤啟動工具
　　推薦使用 老毛桃 U盤啟動。
　　按照里面的教程，下載并制作好winpe U盤啟動設(shè)備。做好之后，把之前準(zhǔn)備好的WINDOWS的GHO文件或者是IOS文件放入U盤里面的“GHO文件夾”里面。
第3步，安裝WINDOWS
　　把制作好的U盤插入電腦，同樣，開機安裝option鍵，出來選項之后，選擇windows選項，此時電腦會進入讀取U盤里面的winpe系統(tǒng)，

PS: 圖中電腦系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)是WINDOWS，所以左邊那個盤也是WINDOWS，這個無關(guān)緊要，反正選如圖中紅色框里面的WINDOWS就可以了。
接下來會進入到菜單選項，如下圖，選擇第2個，“運行老毛桃Win7PE x 86精簡版” 。

(PS: 在此說明一下，這邊千萬不要按照之前老毛桃網(wǎng)站里面的教程里面選【4】和【1】，“不進PE安裝GHO到硬盤第一分區(qū)”，因為必須要再次對硬盤進行分區(qū)和格式化，所以還需要多一個步驟。)
第二開始加載，如下圖，等待。

進入PE之后，先取消只能快速安裝，還需要分區(qū)，點“取消”。

打開內(nèi)置在PE里面的”DISKGENIUS分區(qū)工具”, 如下圖：

進入分區(qū)工具之后，如下圖，紅框里面就是現(xiàn)在的硬盤分區(qū)狀況，分別對著它們點右鍵，刪除當(dāng)前分區(qū)，不論彈出什么，點“是”。

刪完了之后，紅框里面的分區(qū)會合并成為一條會灰色的條(好像是灰色)，為未分區(qū)狀態(tài)。
　　第二點上方的快速分區(qū)，如下圖紅框所示：

　根據(jù)自己的需要對硬盤進行分區(qū)，格式建議還是選擇NTFS格式，以后會省去很多的麻煩。
分好之后，確定，跑完了之后關(guān)掉分區(qū)工具就可以了。
　　第二現(xiàn)在再打開“我的電腦”，看看是不是按照選的那樣，已經(jīng)分區(qū)成功了，如果沒有，重復(fù)做上面的動作，一定是哪個地方點錯了，不管提示什么，選擇“是”就對了。
　　現(xiàn)在再來“打開老毛桃PE一鍵裝機”，如下圖：

選擇分好的系統(tǒng)盤C盤，確定，第二又開始跑。
　　至此，接下來就等著，加載好鏡像之后電腦會自動重啟，重啟的時候會停在白色屏幕大概半分鐘的時間，千萬別心慌，正常的現(xiàn)象，靜靜的等著，第二WINDOWS開始安裝，第二就好了。
第4步，安裝驅(qū)動
　因為現(xiàn)在的WINDOWS鏡像基本都是內(nèi)置好驅(qū)動安裝程序的，所以安裝WINDOWS的時候顯卡，聲卡等這些的驅(qū)動都一般會一起裝好的，但是裝好WINDOWS之后，會發(fā)現(xiàn)鍵盤燈不亮了，雙指觸摸的右鍵功能也沒了，這時再打開前面準(zhǔn)備好的BOOT CAMP，再次附下載好之后，解壓出來，得到如下文件，如下圖：

打開BootCamp文件夾，點擊Setup，如下圖：

第二就等著慢慢安裝，大概5到8分鐘。
　　安裝好了之后，右下角MAC系統(tǒng)里面熟悉的BOOT CAMP，出現(xiàn)了。如下圖：

第二按照習(xí)慣自己去設(shè)置，鍵盤燈也亮了，鍵盤的附屬功能也有了。安裝完成。

前沿拓展：

環(huán)境介紹：CentOs7.3 64位系統(tǒng) oracle 安裝包文件 11.2.0.4linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip2.安裝依賴包 （保證服務(wù)器連接網(wǎng)絡(luò) 直接**即可自動下載安裝）yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh numactl-devel glibc-headers unzip zip3.修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)vim /ect/sysctl.confshmall=是全部允許使用的共享內(nèi)存大小，shmmax 是單個段允許使用的大小。這兩個可以設(shè)置為內(nèi)存的 90%。例如 16G 內(nèi)存，16*1024*1024*1024*90% = 15461882265，shmall 的大小為 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873。按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)fs.file-max = 6815744fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 12net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出要使 /etc/sysctl.conf 更改立即生效， 輸入：sysctl -p4.修改用戶資源限制vi /etc/security/limits.conf 按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)容 oracle soft nproc 65536 oracle hard nproc 65536 oracle soft nofile 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 65536編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出

5.修改/etc/pam.d/login配置文件vi /etc/pam.d/login按i進入編輯模式在最后添加如下內(nèi)容 ）session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出6.修改 /etc/profile vi /etc/profile按i進入編輯模式添加如下內(nèi)容 if [ $USER = "oracle" ] ; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出7.創(chuàng)建oracle屬組并添加oracle 用戶并設(shè)置密碼（依次執(zhí)行下面命令即可 密碼會要求輸入兩次） groupadd oinstallgroupadd dbauseradd -g oinstall -G dba oraclepasswd oracle #設(shè)置oracle賬戶密碼id oracle #查看用戶id和所屬組8.創(chuàng)建oracle安裝目錄并賦予 oracle用戶訪問權(quán)限（依次執(zhí)行下面命令即可） mkdir -p /mos/oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oracle chmod -R 775 /mos #創(chuàng)建oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件目錄 mkdir -p /mos/oraInventory #oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件目錄 chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/oraInventory chown -R oracle:oinstall /mos/database chown oracle:oinstall /mos9.配置環(huán)境變量（su – oracle 切換oracle用戶 直接執(zhí)行 vi .bash_profile 按i進入編輯模式 錄入如下內(nèi)容export ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle;export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;export ORACLE_SID=orcl;export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/**in:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出執(zhí)行命令直接生效 source .bash_profile10.創(chuàng)建oraInst.locvim /etc/oraInst.loc沒有這個文件錄入以下內(nèi)容保存后會新建 inventory_loc=/mos/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出11.上傳安裝文件并解壓到 /mos/文件夾下（此時該文件夾下會生成一個database的文件夾） yum install -y unzip zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /mos unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /mos12.修改oracle安裝應(yīng)答模板文件db_install.rsp文件 vi /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp 按i進入編輯模式在對應(yīng)的位置填入?yún)?shù) oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle/app/oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true 仔細檢查不要漏添錯填 編輯完成后按Esc鍵，輸入“:wq”存盤退出//安裝類型,只裝數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件//主機名稱（命令hostname查詢）// 安裝組//INVENTORY目錄（**不填就是默認值,本例此 處需修改,因個人創(chuàng)建安裝目錄而定）// 選擇語言// oracle_home *路徑根據(jù)目錄情況注意修改 本例安裝路徑/opt/app/oracle// oracle_base *注意修改// oracle版本//自定義安裝，否，使用默認組件//dba用戶組//oper用戶組//數(shù)據(jù)庫類型//globalDBName//SID（**此處注意與環(huán)境變量內(nèi)配置SID一致）//自動管理內(nèi)存的內(nèi)存(M)//設(shè)定所有數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶使用同一個密碼//（手動寫了false）// **注意此參數(shù) 設(shè)定一定要為true13.運行安裝文件先使用root用戶 給oracle用戶賦予opt目錄權(quán)限chown oracle:oinstall /mos切換為oracle執(zhí)行以下安裝**作./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /mos/database/response/db_install.rsp正常大概2分鐘安裝完成1.關(guān)閉安全措施# service iptables stop // 暫時關(guān)閉防火墻，重啟系統(tǒng)后會自動打開# chkconfig iptables off // **關(guān)閉防火墻 (7.3 不用iptables，用firewalld)# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config // 關(guān)閉Selinux# systemctl status firewalld.service //查看防火墻狀態(tài)# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關(guān)閉防火墻# systemctl disable firewalld.service //禁止使用防火墻（重啟也是禁止的）4G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 1048576 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 2147483648#最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576

8G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 4294967296 #最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 104857616G:net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1fs.file-max = 6815744 #設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 4194304 #共享內(nèi)存的總量，8G內(nèi)存設(shè)置：2097152*4k/1024/1024kernel.shmmax = 8564768768 #最大共享內(nèi)存的段大小kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存端的最大數(shù)kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max= 4194304net.core.wmem_default= 262144net.core.wmem_max= 1048576###################################################################### Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved.#### #### Specify values for the variables listed below to customize #### your installation. #### #### Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment #### can help to populate the variables with the appropriate #### values. #### #### IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and #### should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user #### or db administrator who owns this installation. #### #######################################################################——————————————————————————# Do not change the following system generated value. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation option.# It can be one of the following:# – INSTALL_DB_SWONLY# – INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG# – UPGRADE_DB#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG#——————————————————————————-# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames # and network interfaces)#——————————————————————————-ORACLE_HOSTNAME=Mosdb1#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #——————————————————————————-UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#——————————————————————————-# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.# This is an optional parameter if installing on# Windows based Operating System.#——————————————————————————-INVENTORY_LOCATION=/mos/oraInventory#——————————————————————————-# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed. # # en : English ja : Japanese # fr : French ko : Korean # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian # hr : Croatian pl : Polish # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese # da : Danish ro : Romanian # nl : Dutch ru : Russian # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish # de : German sv : Swedish # el : Greek th : Thai # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese # it : Italian ## all_langs : All languages## Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja## Specify value as the following to select all the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs #——————————————————————————-SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.#——————————————————————————ORACLE_HOME=/mos/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1#——————————————————————————# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. #——————————————————————————ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracle#——————————————————————————# Specify the installation edition of the component. # # The value should contain only one of these choices. # – EE : Enterprise Edition # – SE : Standard Edition # – SEONE : Standard Edition One# – PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install and is considered# only if InstallEdition is EE.## true : Components mentioned as part of 'optionalComponents' property# are considered for install.# false : Value for 'optionalComponents' is not considered.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false#——————————————————————————# This variable is considered only if 'EEOptionsSelection' is set to true. ## Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to enable.## The following choices are available. You may specify any# combination of these choices. The components you choose should# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"# Below is a list of components you may specify to enable.# # oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle OLAP# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Data Mining# oracle.rdbms.**:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Database Vault# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Label Security# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Partitioning# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0 – Oracle Real Application Testing#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=################################################################################ ## PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS ## —————————————— ## Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges ## needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the # # group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. ## ## The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based ## Operating System. ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba#——————————————————————————# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#——————————————————————————# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=#——————————————————————————# This variable is used to enable or disable RAC One Node install.## – true : Value of RAC One Node service name is used.# – false : Value of RAC One Node service name is not used.## If left blank, it will be assumed to be false#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false#——————————————————————————# Specify the name for RAC One Node Service. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=#——————————————————————————# Specify the type of database to create.# It can be one of the following:# – GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING # – DATA_WAREHOUSE #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database SID.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl#——————————————————————————# Specify the Starter Database character set.# # It can be one of the following:# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK#——————————————————————————# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management # in Database is desired.# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation# is to be done manually, then set it to false.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available # on the system.# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=2048#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1600#——————————————————————————# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto# the starter database or not.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false#——————————————————————————# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default. # These settings may also be disabled. #——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true################################################################################ ## Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the ## starter database: ## SYS ## SYSTEM ## SY**AN (used by Enterprise Manager) ## DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) ## ## Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) ## or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) ## #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the# starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=mosx38555#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the SY**AN password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SY**AN=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database. # It can be one of the following:# – GRID_CONTROL# – DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL#——————————————————————————-# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage # the database. #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=################################################################################ ## SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS ## ———————————— ## Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned ## using the entries below. # # #################################################################################——————————————————————————# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else # this can be set to true.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false#——————————————————————————# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user that is # specified in this variable.#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=#——————————————————————————-# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if # automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup # the database. This job will run as the operating system user specified by the # above entry. The following entry stores the password for the above operating # system user.#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.# It can be one of the following:# – FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE# – A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control# files, redo logs. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/mos/oracle/oradata#——————————————————————————-# Specify the backup and recovery location.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the existing A** disk groups to be used for storage.## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE#——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.diskGroup=#——————————————————————————-# Specify the password for A**SNMP user of the A** instance. ## Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=A**_STORAGE #——————————————————————————-oracle.install.db.config.a**.A**SNMPPassword=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.## Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=#——————————————————————————# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.## Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true#——————————————————————————SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false#——————————————————————————# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure# Security Updates, false otherwise. ## The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed# to be false.## Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false#——————————————————————————DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#——————————————————————————# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.## Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com #——————————————————————————PROXY_HOST=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and at least 2 chars.## Example : PROXY_PORT=25 #——————————————————————————PROXY_PORT=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_USER=username #——————————————————————————PROXY_USER=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD # blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.## Example : PROXY_PWD=password #——————————————————————————PROXY_PWD=#——————————————————————————# Specify the proxy realm. This value is used if auto-updates option is selected.## Example : PROXY_REALM=metalink #——————————————————————————PROXY_REALM=#——————————————————————————# Specify the Oracle Support Hub URL. # # Example : COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=https://orasupporthub.company.com:8080/#——————————————————————————COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=#——————————————————————————# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:# – MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD# – OFFLINE_UPDATES# – SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES#——————————————————————————# In case MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD option is chosen, specify the location where# the updates are to be downloaded.# In case OFFLINE_UPDATES option is chosen, specify the location where the updates # are present.#——————————————————————————oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=#——————————————————————————# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password which has the patches download privileges # to be used for software updates.## Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password#——————————————————————————AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=13.增加自啟動服務(wù)用root用戶增加文件vi /etc/init.d/oracledb寫入以下內(nèi)容#!/bin/bash#chkconfig:345 61 61#description:Orcale start ORACLE_BASE=/mos/oracleORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_OWNR=oracleexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=orclif [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]then echo "Oracle startup: cannot start" exit 1ficase "$1" in start) # Oracle listener and instance startup echo -n "Starting Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME" touch /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; stop) # Oracle listener and instance shutdown echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: " su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" rm -f /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload" exit 1esacexit 0保存退出后，增加到服務(wù)中chkconfig –add oracledb查看執(zhí)行結(jié)果chkconfig –list oracledboracledb 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off13.開啟停止EM啟動emctl start dbconsole

停止emctl stop dbconsole

拓展知識：

win7安裝蘋果系統(tǒng)教程

蘋果Mac電腦只裝win7系統(tǒng)方法：
準(zhǔn)備:

1.WINDOWS的鏡像文件;(win7)
2.U盤;(建議使用8GB U盤，這樣可以方便等一下直接將windows 鏡像直接放在里面)
3.一臺可用的PC機;(用于制作U盤啟動)
4.BOOT CAMP for windows;
其他用于WINDOWS系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)備工具，就根據(jù)自己需求自行下載，比如windows 激活軟件等。
詳細步驟：
第1步，卸載MAC系統(tǒng)。
　開機時按住option鍵，進入模式選擇菜單，選擇修復(fù)MAC 10.X，第二選擇“磁盤工具”選項，進入之后在左邊選擇硬盤Macintosh，點擊后邊的“抹掉”，抹掉的時候注意，將硬盤格式一定要改為“ms-dos(fat)”格式，因為蘋果的硬盤格式默認為HFS+格式，這個格式PE是沒有辦法去識別的，所以一定要改為FAT格式的。如果MAC電腦已經(jīng)有幾個分區(qū)，那都按照上面的辦法一一的把每一個分區(qū)抹掉，格式改為“ms-dos (fat)”格式。很多朋友其實也就是被困擾在這里，所以改格式很關(guān)鍵。
第2步，制作WINPE U盤啟動工具
　　推薦使用 老毛桃 U盤啟動。
　　按照里面的教程，下載并制作好winpe U盤啟動設(shè)備。做好之后，把之前準(zhǔn)備好的WINDOWS的GHO文件或者是IOS文件放入U盤里面的“GHO文件夾”里面。
第3步，安裝WINDOWS
　　把制作好的U盤插入電腦，同樣，開機安裝option鍵，出來選項之后，選擇windows選項，此時電腦會進入讀取U盤里面的winpe系統(tǒng)，

PS: 圖中電腦系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)是WINDOWS，所以左邊那個盤也是WINDOWS，這個無關(guān)緊要，反正選如圖中紅色框里面的WINDOWS就可以了。
接下來會進入到菜單選項，如下圖，選擇第2個，“運行老毛桃Win7PE x 86精簡版” 。

(PS: 在此說明一下，這邊千萬不要按照之前老毛桃網(wǎng)站里面的教程里面選【4】和【1】，“不進PE安裝GHO到硬盤第一分區(qū)”，因為必須要再次對硬盤進行分區(qū)和格式化，所以還需要多一個步驟。)
第二開始加載，如下圖，等待。

進入PE之后，先取消只能快速安裝，還需要分區(qū)，點“取消”。

打開內(nèi)置在PE里面的”DISKGENIUS分區(qū)工具”, 如下圖：

進入分區(qū)工具之后，如下圖，紅框里面就是現(xiàn)在的硬盤分區(qū)狀況，分別對著它們點右鍵，刪除當(dāng)前分區(qū)，不論彈出什么，點“是”。

刪完了之后，紅框里面的分區(qū)會合并成為一條會灰色的條(好像是灰色)，為未分區(qū)狀態(tài)。
　　第二點上方的快速分區(qū)，如下圖紅框所示：

　根據(jù)自己的需要對硬盤進行分區(qū)，格式建議還是選擇NTFS格式，以后會省去很多的麻煩。
分好之后，確定，跑完了之后關(guān)掉分區(qū)工具就可以了。
　　第二現(xiàn)在再打開“我的電腦”，看看是不是按照選的那樣，已經(jīng)分區(qū)成功了，如果沒有，重復(fù)做上面的動作，一定是哪個地方點錯了，不管提示什么，選擇“是”就對了。
　　現(xiàn)在再來“打開老毛桃PE一鍵裝機”，如下圖：

選擇分好的系統(tǒng)盤C盤，確定，第二又開始跑。
　　至此，接下來就等著，加載好鏡像之后電腦會自動重啟，重啟的時候會停在白色屏幕大概半分鐘的時間，千萬別心慌，正常的現(xiàn)象，靜靜的等著，第二WINDOWS開始安裝，第二就好了。
第4步，安裝驅(qū)動
　因為現(xiàn)在的WINDOWS鏡像基本都是內(nèi)置好驅(qū)動安裝程序的，所以安裝WINDOWS的時候顯卡，聲卡等這些的驅(qū)動都一般會一起裝好的，但是裝好WINDOWS之后，會發(fā)現(xiàn)鍵盤燈不亮了，雙指觸摸的右鍵功能也沒了，這時再打開前面準(zhǔn)備好的BOOT CAMP，再次附下載好之后，解壓出來，得到如下文件，如下圖：

打開BootCamp文件夾，點擊Setup，如下圖：

第二就等著慢慢安裝，大概5到8分鐘。
　　安裝好了之后，右下角MAC系統(tǒng)里面熟悉的BOOT CAMP，出現(xiàn)了。如下圖：

第二按照習(xí)慣自己去設(shè)置，鍵盤燈也亮了，鍵盤的附屬功能也有了。安裝完成。