前沿拓展:
插入語一般對一句話作一些附加的說明。它是中學(xué)英語語法的重點(diǎn),也是**的考點(diǎn)。通常與句中其它部分沒有語法上的聯(lián)系,將它刪掉之后,句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。插入語在句中有時(shí)是對一句話的一些附加解釋、說明或小編綜合來說;有時(shí)表達(dá)說話者的態(tài)度和看法;有時(shí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用;有時(shí)是為了引起對方的注意;還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說明事由的作用;也可以承上啟下,使句子銜接得更緊密一些。掌握這一語言現(xiàn)象不僅有利于對英語句子等的理解,還有利于提高寫作等的水平。插入語的類型較多,常見的如下幾種:
一、形容詞(短語)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的形容詞(短語)常見的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strange to say,most important of all, sure enough等。 如: True,it would be too bad. 真的,太糟了?!onderful,we have won again. 太好了,我們又贏了?!trange to say,he hasn’t got my letter up to now. 說來也奇怪,他到現(xiàn)在還沒有收到我的信。 Most important of all,we must learn all the skills. 最重要的是,我們必須掌握所有的技巧?!?/p>
二、副詞(短語)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的副詞(短語)有:indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally, personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,or rather等?!∪纾骸hen he got to there,he found,however,that the weather was too bad. 可是到了那兒之后他發(fā)現(xiàn),那兒的天氣太壞了?!therwise,he would still be at home. 不然的話,他還會(huì)在家的?!?/p>
三、介詞短語作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的介詞短語有:in fact,in one’s opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one’s surprise,in short,as a matter of fact,in conclusion,in brief等。 如: You can’t wait anymore-in other words,you should start at once. 你不能再等了——換言之,你得立即出發(fā)?!n the contrary,we should strengthen our corporation with them. 相反,我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)和他們的合作。
四、V-ing(短語)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的V-ing(短語)常見的有:generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of, considering等?!∪纾骸enerally speaking,the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般來說,那兒的氣候冬天不太冷,夏天不太熱。 Judging by his clothes,he may be an artist. 從衣著來判斷,他可能是個(gè)藝術(shù)家。
五、不定式短語作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的不定式短語有:to be frank,to be honest,to be sure,to tell you the truth,to make matters worse,to sum up,to start with,to begin with等。 如: To be frank,I don’t quite agree with you. 坦率地說,我不太同意你的意見。 To tell you the truth,I’m not so interested in the matter. 跟你說實(shí)話,我對這件事情的興趣不大。 To sum up,success results from hard work. 總而言之,成功是艱苦努力的結(jié)果。 六、句子(陳述句和一般疑問句)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的句子有:I am sure,I believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,I’m afraid,you see, what’s more,that is to say,as we know,as I see,believe it or not等?!∪纾骸ome animals only half-hibernate,that is to say,their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些動(dòng)物只是半冬眠,就是說,它們的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。 I believe,China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我確信,**遲早會(huì)趕上發(fā)達(dá)國家?!e can’t pass the exam,because he doesn’t study hard. What’s more,he isn’t so clever. 他不能通過這次考試,因?yàn)樗麑W(xué)習(xí)不認(rèn)真,更何況他又不太聰明。
插入語的應(yīng)用
插入語(句)是說話者對所表達(dá)意思的補(bǔ)充、強(qiáng)調(diào)、解釋或者說話的態(tài)度,其位置靈活,常常用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與其他成分隔開,并且在語法上不影響其他成分。例如:
I think, she has no feeling for your trouble. / She, I think, has no feeling for your trouble. 我想,她對你的遭遇無動(dòng)于衷。
一 . 常見的插入語和插入句。
1. 插入語常以副詞(副詞短語)、形容詞(形容詞短語)、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞短語等形式出現(xiàn)。
( 1 )常見的副詞及短語: indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily / happily for **. certainly 等。
( 2 )常見的形容詞及短語: funny, needless to say (不用說), most important of all 等。
( 3 )常見的介詞短語: by the way, in a few words / in sum / in short (簡而言之), in other words, in general, in one’s opinion / judgment (按照某人的意見), in fact, in the first place, of course, to one’s knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。
( 4 )常見的現(xiàn)在分詞短語: strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking (嚴(yán)格地 / 一般地 / 坦誠地等)說; judging from / by …(根據(jù)……判斷)等。
( 5 )常見的動(dòng)詞不定式短語: to be sure (無疑地), to sum up (概括地說), to tell the truth, to be honest, to be short, to conclude, to put it briefly, to put it in another way, to begin ( start ) with 等。
注意:上述單詞或短語作插入語和狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別。例如:
( 1 ) Frankly, he’d like to listen to music.
(副詞作插入語,表示說話人的態(tài)度)
Here you should speak frankly.
(副詞作狀語)
( 2 ) True, your daughter is at home now. (形容詞作插入語)
He came back, hungry and tired. (形容詞作狀語)
( 3 ) Judging from what he said, he does look down his elder brother. (現(xiàn)在分詞作插入語,其主語不是句中的主語,只是說話者的附加說明)
Seeing from the window, he can see the lake. (現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,邏輯主語是句中的主語 he )
( 4 ) To tell you the truth, he doesn’t quite agree with this idea. (不定式作插入語,動(dòng)作主體不是句中的主語,只是說話者的附加說明)
To buy the machine, he went to Beijing. (不定式作目的狀語,邏輯主語是句中的主語 he )
2. 插入句為簡短的、具有完整意義的句子。常見的插入句如下: I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose, I am sure (我可以肯定地說), that is ( to say )(也就是說), it seems (看來是), as I see it (照我看來), what’s more, what’s worse, what is important / serious (重要 / 嚴(yán)重的是), I’m afraid (恐怕) , it is said (據(jù)說), as we all know (眾所周知)等。
插入句**性強(qiáng),一般用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)將其與其他句子成分隔開。應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意疑問句的插入句,它一般為倒裝語序且無任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),而且整個(gè)疑問句應(yīng)當(dāng)保持陳述語序。例如:
( 1 ) What should I do first?
What do you think I should do first?(**入的疑問句原來為倒裝語序,插入后成為陳述語序)
( 2 ) Who is singing?
Who do you think is singing? (**入的疑問句原來就是陳述語序,不需要做調(diào)整)
二 . 插入語(句)在試題中的應(yīng)用。
1. 單項(xiàng)選擇。由于插入語通常與句中其他成分沒有語法上的關(guān)系,命題者有意在句中插入一個(gè)從句或插入語,造成主謂分離,給考生的理解帶來一定的困難和干擾。例如:
( 1 ) He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science. (上海 1998 )
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
分析:這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句, which 在從句中作主語,代替 the discovery .做這類題目的方法是先將插入語 I think 去掉,第二再將句子還原成為 He made another wonderful discovery, which is of great importance to science. 問題就迎刃而解了。正確**: A .
( 2 ) In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (上海 2001 )
A. this B. that
C. there D. it
分析: in fact 在句中實(shí)際擔(dān)當(dāng)插入語,只不過沒用逗號(hào)隔開,意思是“實(shí)際上,對警察來說在一次重大的足球比賽中,維持秩序是一項(xiàng)困難的工作”??崭袢菀装丫渥赢?dāng)成 fact 的同位語從句而誤選 B .正確**: D
( 3 )- Alice, you feed the birds today, _____?
- But I fed it yesterday. (廣東 1999 )
A. do you B. will you
C. didn’t you D. don’t you
分析:這是特設(shè)語境,插入語 Alice 暗示后面句子為帶主語的祈使句,正確**: B .
( 4 ) Who do you think _______ us a talk this afternoon?
A. to give B. gave
C. will give D. giving
分析:do you think 是一個(gè)插入語,將其去掉的話,剩余部分用陳述語序。正確**: C .
( 5 ) Philip is a New Yorker, _______ , he lives in New York.
A. that is B. besides
C. after all D. in one word
分析:直接選擇適合上下文語境的插入語。正確**: A .
2. 閱讀理解和完形填空。閱讀中出現(xiàn)大量插入語會(huì)增加理解障礙。熟練掌握插入語,有利于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),理解文章大意。例如: I, of course, like a bicycle better. It doesn’t cost me much, yet it brings me a lot of convenience. What’s more, it doesn’t pollute the air. Bicycles are really good friends of people’s.
3. 寫作。書面表達(dá)要求語言連貫、地道,恰當(dāng)使用插入語,可以給文章增色不少。例如: Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters - in other words, I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can to make sure that I get a good education. They do not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get good marks in all my subjects. We may be one family and live under the same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk together. It looks as if my parents regard me as a visitor or a guest. Do they really understand their own daughter? How things are in other homes, I wonder.
聲明:本課堂講義有摘錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)部分,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系獲悉后,在24小時(shí)內(nèi)刪除,不一一說明!
拓展知識(shí):
insert語句
在sql語句中insert語句用于將一行或多行插入表中。SQL語言,是結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言StructuredQueryLanguage的簡稱。是一門特殊母的編程語言。SQL語言是一種數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢和程序設(shè)計(jì)語言,用于存取數(shù)據(jù)以及查詢、更新和管理關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng),同時(shí)也是數(shù)據(jù)庫腳本文件的擴(kuò)展名。
前沿拓展:
插入語一般對一句話作一些附加的說明。它是中學(xué)英語語法的重點(diǎn),也是**的考點(diǎn)。通常與句中其它部分沒有語法上的聯(lián)系,將它刪掉之后,句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。插入語在句中有時(shí)是對一句話的一些附加解釋、說明或小編綜合來說;有時(shí)表達(dá)說話者的態(tài)度和看法;有時(shí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用;有時(shí)是為了引起對方的注意;還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說明事由的作用;也可以承上啟下,使句子銜接得更緊密一些。掌握這一語言現(xiàn)象不僅有利于對英語句子等的理解,還有利于提高寫作等的水平。插入語的類型較多,常見的如下幾種:
一、形容詞(短語)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的形容詞(短語)常見的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strange to say,most important of all, sure enough等?!∪纾骸rue,it would be too bad. 真的,太糟了?!onderful,we have won again. 太好了,我們又贏了?!trange to say,he hasn’t got my letter up to now. 說來也奇怪,他到現(xiàn)在還沒有收到我的信。 Most important of all,we must learn all the skills. 最重要的是,我們必須掌握所有的技巧?!?/p>
二、副詞(短語)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的副詞(短語)有:indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally, personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,or rather等。 如: When he got to there,he found,however,that the weather was too bad. 可是到了那兒之后他發(fā)現(xiàn),那兒的天氣太壞了?!therwise,he would still be at home. 不然的話,他還會(huì)在家的?!?/p>
三、介詞短語作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的介詞短語有:in fact,in one’s opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one’s surprise,in short,as a matter of fact,in conclusion,in brief等?!∪纾骸ou can’t wait anymore-in other words,you should start at once. 你不能再等了——換言之,你得立即出發(fā)?!n the contrary,we should strengthen our corporation with them. 相反,我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)和他們的合作?!?/p>
四、V-ing(短語)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的V-ing(短語)常見的有:generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of, considering等?!∪纾骸enerally speaking,the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般來說,那兒的氣候冬天不太冷,夏天不太熱?!udging by his clothes,he may be an artist. 從衣著來判斷,他可能是個(gè)藝術(shù)家?!?/p>
五、不定式短語作插入語。 能用作插入語的不定式短語有:to be frank,to be honest,to be sure,to tell you the truth,to make matters worse,to sum up,to start with,to begin with等?!∪纾骸o be frank,I don’t quite agree with you. 坦率地說,我不太同意你的意見?!o tell you the truth,I’m not so interested in the matter. 跟你說實(shí)話,我對這件事情的興趣不大。 To sum up,success results from hard work. 總而言之,成功是艱苦努力的結(jié)果?!×?、句子(陳述句和一般疑問句)作插入語。 能用作插入語的句子有:I am sure,I believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,I’m afraid,you see, what’s more,that is to say,as we know,as I see,believe it or not等。 如: Some animals only half-hibernate,that is to say,their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些動(dòng)物只是半冬眠,就是說,它們的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。 I believe,China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我確信,**遲早會(huì)趕上發(fā)達(dá)國家?!e can’t pass the exam,because he doesn’t study hard. What’s more,he isn’t so clever. 他不能通過這次考試,因?yàn)樗麑W(xué)習(xí)不認(rèn)真,更何況他又不太聰明。
插入語的應(yīng)用
插入語(句)是說話者對所表達(dá)意思的補(bǔ)充、強(qiáng)調(diào)、解釋或者說話的態(tài)度,其位置靈活,常常用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與其他成分隔開,并且在語法上不影響其他成分。例如:
I think, she has no feeling for your trouble. / She, I think, has no feeling for your trouble. 我想,她對你的遭遇無動(dòng)于衷。
一 . 常見的插入語和插入句。
1. 插入語常以副詞(副詞短語)、形容詞(形容詞短語)、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞短語等形式出現(xiàn)。
( 1 )常見的副詞及短語: indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily / happily for **. certainly 等。
( 2 )常見的形容詞及短語: funny, needless to say (不用說), most important of all 等。
( 3 )常見的介詞短語: by the way, in a few words / in sum / in short (簡而言之), in other words, in general, in one’s opinion / judgment (按照某人的意見), in fact, in the first place, of course, to one’s knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。
( 4 )常見的現(xiàn)在分詞短語: strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking (嚴(yán)格地 / 一般地 / 坦誠地等)說; judging from / by …(根據(jù)……判斷)等。
( 5 )常見的動(dòng)詞不定式短語: to be sure (無疑地), to sum up (概括地說), to tell the truth, to be honest, to be short, to conclude, to put it briefly, to put it in another way, to begin ( start ) with 等。
注意:上述單詞或短語作插入語和狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別。例如:
( 1 ) Frankly, he’d like to listen to music.
(副詞作插入語,表示說話人的態(tài)度)
Here you should speak frankly.
(副詞作狀語)
( 2 ) True, your daughter is at home now. (形容詞作插入語)
He came back, hungry and tired. (形容詞作狀語)
( 3 ) Judging from what he said, he does look down his elder brother. (現(xiàn)在分詞作插入語,其主語不是句中的主語,只是說話者的附加說明)
Seeing from the window, he can see the lake. (現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,邏輯主語是句中的主語 he )
( 4 ) To tell you the truth, he doesn’t quite agree with this idea. (不定式作插入語,動(dòng)作主體不是句中的主語,只是說話者的附加說明)
To buy the machine, he went to Beijing. (不定式作目的狀語,邏輯主語是句中的主語 he )
2. 插入句為簡短的、具有完整意義的句子。常見的插入句如下: I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose, I am sure (我可以肯定地說), that is ( to say )(也就是說), it seems (看來是), as I see it (照我看來), what’s more, what’s worse, what is important / serious (重要 / 嚴(yán)重的是), I’m afraid (恐怕) , it is said (據(jù)說), as we all know (眾所周知)等。
插入句**性強(qiáng),一般用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)將其與其他句子成分隔開。應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意疑問句的插入句,它一般為倒裝語序且無任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),而且整個(gè)疑問句應(yīng)當(dāng)保持陳述語序。例如:
( 1 ) What should I do first?
What do you think I should do first?(**入的疑問句原來為倒裝語序,插入后成為陳述語序)
( 2 ) Who is singing?
Who do you think is singing? (**入的疑問句原來就是陳述語序,不需要做調(diào)整)
二 . 插入語(句)在試題中的應(yīng)用。
1. 單項(xiàng)選擇。由于插入語通常與句中其他成分沒有語法上的關(guān)系,命題者有意在句中插入一個(gè)從句或插入語,造成主謂分離,給考生的理解帶來一定的困難和干擾。例如:
( 1 ) He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science. (上海 1998 )
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
分析:這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句, which 在從句中作主語,代替 the discovery .做這類題目的方法是先將插入語 I think 去掉,第二再將句子還原成為 He made another wonderful discovery, which is of great importance to science. 問題就迎刃而解了。正確**: A .
( 2 ) In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (上海 2001 )
A. this B. that
C. there D. it
分析: in fact 在句中實(shí)際擔(dān)當(dāng)插入語,只不過沒用逗號(hào)隔開,意思是“實(shí)際上,對警察來說在一次重大的足球比賽中,維持秩序是一項(xiàng)困難的工作”??崭袢菀装丫渥赢?dāng)成 fact 的同位語從句而誤選 B .正確**: D
( 3 )- Alice, you feed the birds today, _____?
- But I fed it yesterday. (廣東 1999 )
A. do you B. will you
C. didn’t you D. don’t you
分析:這是特設(shè)語境,插入語 Alice 暗示后面句子為帶主語的祈使句,正確**: B .
( 4 ) Who do you think _______ us a talk this afternoon?
A. to give B. gave
C. will give D. giving
分析:do you think 是一個(gè)插入語,將其去掉的話,剩余部分用陳述語序。正確**: C .
( 5 ) Philip is a New Yorker, _______ , he lives in New York.
A. that is B. besides
C. after all D. in one word
分析:直接選擇適合上下文語境的插入語。正確**: A .
2. 閱讀理解和完形填空。閱讀中出現(xiàn)大量插入語會(huì)增加理解障礙。熟練掌握插入語,有利于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),理解文章大意。例如: I, of course, like a bicycle better. It doesn’t cost me much, yet it brings me a lot of convenience. What’s more, it doesn’t pollute the air. Bicycles are really good friends of people’s.
3. 寫作。書面表達(dá)要求語言連貫、地道,恰當(dāng)使用插入語,可以給文章增色不少。例如: Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters - in other words, I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can to make sure that I get a good education. They do not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get good marks in all my subjects. We may be one family and live under the same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk together. It looks as if my parents regard me as a visitor or a guest. Do they really understand their own daughter? How things are in other homes, I wonder.
聲明:本課堂講義有摘錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)部分,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系獲悉后,在24小時(shí)內(nèi)刪除,不一一說明!
拓展知識(shí):
insert語句
在sql語句中insert語句用于將一行或多行插入表中。SQL語言,是結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言StructuredQueryLanguage的簡稱。是一門特殊母的編程語言。SQL語言是一種數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢和程序設(shè)計(jì)語言,用于存取數(shù)據(jù)以及查詢、更新和管理關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng),同時(shí)也是數(shù)據(jù)庫腳本文件的擴(kuò)展名。
前沿拓展:
插入語一般對一句話作一些附加的說明。它是中學(xué)英語語法的重點(diǎn),也是**的考點(diǎn)。通常與句中其它部分沒有語法上的聯(lián)系,將它刪掉之后,句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。插入語在句中有時(shí)是對一句話的一些附加解釋、說明或小編綜合來說;有時(shí)表達(dá)說話者的態(tài)度和看法;有時(shí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用;有時(shí)是為了引起對方的注意;還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說明事由的作用;也可以承上啟下,使句子銜接得更緊密一些。掌握這一語言現(xiàn)象不僅有利于對英語句子等的理解,還有利于提高寫作等的水平。插入語的類型較多,常見的如下幾種:
一、形容詞(短語)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的形容詞(短語)常見的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strange to say,most important of all, sure enough等?!∪纾骸rue,it would be too bad. 真的,太糟了?!onderful,we have won again. 太好了,我們又贏了。 Strange to say,he hasn’t got my letter up to now. 說來也奇怪,他到現(xiàn)在還沒有收到我的信?!ost important of all,we must learn all the skills. 最重要的是,我們必須掌握所有的技巧?!?/p>
二、副詞(短語)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的副詞(短語)有:indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally, personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,or rather等。 如: When he got to there,he found,however,that the weather was too bad. 可是到了那兒之后他發(fā)現(xiàn),那兒的天氣太壞了?!therwise,he would still be at home. 不然的話,他還會(huì)在家的。
三、介詞短語作插入語。 能用作插入語的介詞短語有:in fact,in one’s opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one’s surprise,in short,as a matter of fact,in conclusion,in brief等。 如: You can’t wait anymore-in other words,you should start at once. 你不能再等了——換言之,你得立即出發(fā)?!n the contrary,we should strengthen our corporation with them. 相反,我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)和他們的合作?!?/p>
四、V-ing(短語)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的V-ing(短語)常見的有:generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of, considering等?!∪纾骸enerally speaking,the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般來說,那兒的氣候冬天不太冷,夏天不太熱?!udging by his clothes,he may be an artist. 從衣著來判斷,他可能是個(gè)藝術(shù)家?!?/p>
五、不定式短語作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的不定式短語有:to be frank,to be honest,to be sure,to tell you the truth,to make matters worse,to sum up,to start with,to begin with等?!∪纾骸o be frank,I don’t quite agree with you. 坦率地說,我不太同意你的意見?!o tell you the truth,I’m not so interested in the matter. 跟你說實(shí)話,我對這件事情的興趣不大。 To sum up,success results from hard work. 總而言之,成功是艱苦努力的結(jié)果?!×⒕渥樱愂鼍浜鸵话阋蓡柧洌┳鞑迦胝Z?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的句子有:I am sure,I believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,I’m afraid,you see, what’s more,that is to say,as we know,as I see,believe it or not等?!∪纾骸ome animals only half-hibernate,that is to say,their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些動(dòng)物只是半冬眠,就是說,它們的睡眠并不是深度睡眠?! believe,China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我確信,**遲早會(huì)趕上發(fā)達(dá)國家?!e can’t pass the exam,because he doesn’t study hard. What’s more,he isn’t so clever. 他不能通過這次考試,因?yàn)樗麑W(xué)習(xí)不認(rèn)真,更何況他又不太聰明。
插入語的應(yīng)用
插入語(句)是說話者對所表達(dá)意思的補(bǔ)充、強(qiáng)調(diào)、解釋或者說話的態(tài)度,其位置靈活,常常用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與其他成分隔開,并且在語法上不影響其他成分。例如:
I think, she has no feeling for your trouble. / She, I think, has no feeling for your trouble. 我想,她對你的遭遇無動(dòng)于衷。
一 . 常見的插入語和插入句。
1. 插入語常以副詞(副詞短語)、形容詞(形容詞短語)、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞短語等形式出現(xiàn)。
( 1 )常見的副詞及短語: indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily / happily for **. certainly 等。
( 2 )常見的形容詞及短語: funny, needless to say (不用說), most important of all 等。
( 3 )常見的介詞短語: by the way, in a few words / in sum / in short (簡而言之), in other words, in general, in one’s opinion / judgment (按照某人的意見), in fact, in the first place, of course, to one’s knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。
( 4 )常見的現(xiàn)在分詞短語: strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking (嚴(yán)格地 / 一般地 / 坦誠地等)說; judging from / by …(根據(jù)……判斷)等。
( 5 )常見的動(dòng)詞不定式短語: to be sure (無疑地), to sum up (概括地說), to tell the truth, to be honest, to be short, to conclude, to put it briefly, to put it in another way, to begin ( start ) with 等。
注意:上述單詞或短語作插入語和狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別。例如:
( 1 ) Frankly, he’d like to listen to music.
(副詞作插入語,表示說話人的態(tài)度)
Here you should speak frankly.
(副詞作狀語)
( 2 ) True, your daughter is at home now. (形容詞作插入語)
He came back, hungry and tired. (形容詞作狀語)
( 3 ) Judging from what he said, he does look down his elder brother. (現(xiàn)在分詞作插入語,其主語不是句中的主語,只是說話者的附加說明)
Seeing from the window, he can see the lake. (現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,邏輯主語是句中的主語 he )
( 4 ) To tell you the truth, he doesn’t quite agree with this idea. (不定式作插入語,動(dòng)作主體不是句中的主語,只是說話者的附加說明)
To buy the machine, he went to Beijing. (不定式作目的狀語,邏輯主語是句中的主語 he )
2. 插入句為簡短的、具有完整意義的句子。常見的插入句如下: I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose, I am sure (我可以肯定地說), that is ( to say )(也就是說), it seems (看來是), as I see it (照我看來), what’s more, what’s worse, what is important / serious (重要 / 嚴(yán)重的是), I’m afraid (恐怕) , it is said (據(jù)說), as we all know (眾所周知)等。
插入句**性強(qiáng),一般用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)將其與其他句子成分隔開。應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意疑問句的插入句,它一般為倒裝語序且無任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),而且整個(gè)疑問句應(yīng)當(dāng)保持陳述語序。例如:
( 1 ) What should I do first?
What do you think I should do first?(**入的疑問句原來為倒裝語序,插入后成為陳述語序)
( 2 ) Who is singing?
Who do you think is singing? (**入的疑問句原來就是陳述語序,不需要做調(diào)整)
二 . 插入語(句)在試題中的應(yīng)用。
1. 單項(xiàng)選擇。由于插入語通常與句中其他成分沒有語法上的關(guān)系,命題者有意在句中插入一個(gè)從句或插入語,造成主謂分離,給考生的理解帶來一定的困難和干擾。例如:
( 1 ) He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science. (上海 1998 )
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
分析:這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句, which 在從句中作主語,代替 the discovery .做這類題目的方法是先將插入語 I think 去掉,第二再將句子還原成為 He made another wonderful discovery, which is of great importance to science. 問題就迎刃而解了。正確**: A .
( 2 ) In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (上海 2001 )
A. this B. that
C. there D. it
分析: in fact 在句中實(shí)際擔(dān)當(dāng)插入語,只不過沒用逗號(hào)隔開,意思是“實(shí)際上,對警察來說在一次重大的足球比賽中,維持秩序是一項(xiàng)困難的工作”??崭袢菀装丫渥赢?dāng)成 fact 的同位語從句而誤選 B .正確**: D
( 3 )- Alice, you feed the birds today, _____?
- But I fed it yesterday. (廣東 1999 )
A. do you B. will you
C. didn’t you D. don’t you
分析:這是特設(shè)語境,插入語 Alice 暗示后面句子為帶主語的祈使句,正確**: B .
( 4 ) Who do you think _______ us a talk this afternoon?
A. to give B. gave
C. will give D. giving
分析:do you think 是一個(gè)插入語,將其去掉的話,剩余部分用陳述語序。正確**: C .
( 5 ) Philip is a New Yorker, _______ , he lives in New York.
A. that is B. besides
C. after all D. in one word
分析:直接選擇適合上下文語境的插入語。正確**: A .
2. 閱讀理解和完形填空。閱讀中出現(xiàn)大量插入語會(huì)增加理解障礙。熟練掌握插入語,有利于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),理解文章大意。例如: I, of course, like a bicycle better. It doesn’t cost me much, yet it brings me a lot of convenience. What’s more, it doesn’t pollute the air. Bicycles are really good friends of people’s.
3. 寫作。書面表達(dá)要求語言連貫、地道,恰當(dāng)使用插入語,可以給文章增色不少。例如: Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters - in other words, I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can to make sure that I get a good education. They do not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get good marks in all my subjects. We may be one family and live under the same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk together. It looks as if my parents regard me as a visitor or a guest. Do they really understand their own daughter? How things are in other homes, I wonder.
聲明:本課堂講義有摘錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)部分,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系獲悉后,在24小時(shí)內(nèi)刪除,不一一說明!
拓展知識(shí):
insert語句
在sql語句中insert語句用于將一行或多行插入表中。SQL語言,是結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言StructuredQueryLanguage的簡稱。是一門特殊母的編程語言。SQL語言是一種數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢和程序設(shè)計(jì)語言,用于存取數(shù)據(jù)以及查詢、更新和管理關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng),同時(shí)也是數(shù)據(jù)庫腳本文件的擴(kuò)展名。
前沿拓展:
插入語一般對一句話作一些附加的說明。它是中學(xué)英語語法的重點(diǎn),也是**的考點(diǎn)。通常與句中其它部分沒有語法上的聯(lián)系,將它刪掉之后,句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。插入語在句中有時(shí)是對一句話的一些附加解釋、說明或小編綜合來說;有時(shí)表達(dá)說話者的態(tài)度和看法;有時(shí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用;有時(shí)是為了引起對方的注意;還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說明事由的作用;也可以承上啟下,使句子銜接得更緊密一些。掌握這一語言現(xiàn)象不僅有利于對英語句子等的理解,還有利于提高寫作等的水平。插入語的類型較多,常見的如下幾種:
一、形容詞(短語)作插入語。 能用作插入語的形容詞(短語)常見的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strange to say,most important of all, sure enough等?!∪纾骸rue,it would be too bad. 真的,太糟了。 Wonderful,we have won again. 太好了,我們又贏了?!trange to say,he hasn’t got my letter up to now. 說來也奇怪,他到現(xiàn)在還沒有收到我的信?!ost important of all,we must learn all the skills. 最重要的是,我們必須掌握所有的技巧。
二、副詞(短語)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的副詞(短語)有:indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally, personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,or rather等?!∪纾骸hen he got to there,he found,however,that the weather was too bad. 可是到了那兒之后他發(fā)現(xiàn),那兒的天氣太壞了?!therwise,he would still be at home. 不然的話,他還會(huì)在家的?!?/p>
三、介詞短語作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的介詞短語有:in fact,in one’s opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one’s surprise,in short,as a matter of fact,in conclusion,in brief等?!∪纾骸ou can’t wait anymore-in other words,you should start at once. 你不能再等了——換言之,你得立即出發(fā)。 On the contrary,we should strengthen our corporation with them. 相反,我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)和他們的合作?!?/p>
四、V-ing(短語)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的V-ing(短語)常見的有:generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of, considering等。 如: Generally speaking,the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般來說,那兒的氣候冬天不太冷,夏天不太熱?!udging by his clothes,he may be an artist. 從衣著來判斷,他可能是個(gè)藝術(shù)家?!?/p>
五、不定式短語作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的不定式短語有:to be frank,to be honest,to be sure,to tell you the truth,to make matters worse,to sum up,to start with,to begin with等?!∪纾骸o be frank,I don’t quite agree with you. 坦率地說,我不太同意你的意見?!o tell you the truth,I’m not so interested in the matter. 跟你說實(shí)話,我對這件事情的興趣不大?!o sum up,success results from hard work. 總而言之,成功是艱苦努力的結(jié)果。 六、句子(陳述句和一般疑問句)作插入語?!∧苡米鞑迦胝Z的句子有:I am sure,I believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,I’m afraid,you see, what’s more,that is to say,as we know,as I see,believe it or not等?!∪纾骸ome animals only half-hibernate,that is to say,their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些動(dòng)物只是半冬眠,就是說,它們的睡眠并不是深度睡眠?! believe,China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我確信,**遲早會(huì)趕上發(fā)達(dá)國家?!e can’t pass the exam,because he doesn’t study hard. What’s more,he isn’t so clever. 他不能通過這次考試,因?yàn)樗麑W(xué)習(xí)不認(rèn)真,更何況他又不太聰明。
插入語的應(yīng)用
插入語(句)是說話者對所表達(dá)意思的補(bǔ)充、強(qiáng)調(diào)、解釋或者說話的態(tài)度,其位置靈活,常常用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與其他成分隔開,并且在語法上不影響其他成分。例如:
I think, she has no feeling for your trouble. / She, I think, has no feeling for your trouble. 我想,她對你的遭遇無動(dòng)于衷。
一 . 常見的插入語和插入句。
1. 插入語常以副詞(副詞短語)、形容詞(形容詞短語)、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞短語等形式出現(xiàn)。
( 1 )常見的副詞及短語: indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily / happily for **. certainly 等。
( 2 )常見的形容詞及短語: funny, needless to say (不用說), most important of all 等。
( 3 )常見的介詞短語: by the way, in a few words / in sum / in short (簡而言之), in other words, in general, in one’s opinion / judgment (按照某人的意見), in fact, in the first place, of course, to one’s knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。
( 4 )常見的現(xiàn)在分詞短語: strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking (嚴(yán)格地 / 一般地 / 坦誠地等)說; judging from / by …(根據(jù)……判斷)等。
( 5 )常見的動(dòng)詞不定式短語: to be sure (無疑地), to sum up (概括地說), to tell the truth, to be honest, to be short, to conclude, to put it briefly, to put it in another way, to begin ( start ) with 等。
注意:上述單詞或短語作插入語和狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別。例如:
( 1 ) Frankly, he’d like to listen to music.
(副詞作插入語,表示說話人的態(tài)度)
Here you should speak frankly.
(副詞作狀語)
( 2 ) True, your daughter is at home now. (形容詞作插入語)
He came back, hungry and tired. (形容詞作狀語)
( 3 ) Judging from what he said, he does look down his elder brother. (現(xiàn)在分詞作插入語,其主語不是句中的主語,只是說話者的附加說明)
Seeing from the window, he can see the lake. (現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,邏輯主語是句中的主語 he )
( 4 ) To tell you the truth, he doesn’t quite agree with this idea. (不定式作插入語,動(dòng)作主體不是句中的主語,只是說話者的附加說明)
To buy the machine, he went to Beijing. (不定式作目的狀語,邏輯主語是句中的主語 he )
2. 插入句為簡短的、具有完整意義的句子。常見的插入句如下: I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose, I am sure (我可以肯定地說), that is ( to say )(也就是說), it seems (看來是), as I see it (照我看來), what’s more, what’s worse, what is important / serious (重要 / 嚴(yán)重的是), I’m afraid (恐怕) , it is said (據(jù)說), as we all know (眾所周知)等。
插入句**性強(qiáng),一般用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)將其與其他句子成分隔開。應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意疑問句的插入句,它一般為倒裝語序且無任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),而且整個(gè)疑問句應(yīng)當(dāng)保持陳述語序。例如:
( 1 ) What should I do first?
What do you think I should do first?(**入的疑問句原來為倒裝語序,插入后成為陳述語序)
( 2 ) Who is singing?
Who do you think is singing? (**入的疑問句原來就是陳述語序,不需要做調(diào)整)
二 . 插入語(句)在試題中的應(yīng)用。
1. 單項(xiàng)選擇。由于插入語通常與句中其他成分沒有語法上的關(guān)系,命題者有意在句中插入一個(gè)從句或插入語,造成主謂分離,給考生的理解帶來一定的困難和干擾。例如:
( 1 ) He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science. (上海 1998 )
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
分析:這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句, which 在從句中作主語,代替 the discovery .做這類題目的方法是先將插入語 I think 去掉,第二再將句子還原成為 He made another wonderful discovery, which is of great importance to science. 問題就迎刃而解了。正確**: A .
( 2 ) In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (上海 2001 )
A. this B. that
C. there D. it
分析: in fact 在句中實(shí)際擔(dān)當(dāng)插入語,只不過沒用逗號(hào)隔開,意思是“實(shí)際上,對警察來說在一次重大的足球比賽中,維持秩序是一項(xiàng)困難的工作”??崭袢菀装丫渥赢?dāng)成 fact 的同位語從句而誤選 B .正確**: D
( 3 )- Alice, you feed the birds today, _____?
- But I fed it yesterday. (廣東 1999 )
A. do you B. will you
C. didn’t you D. don’t you
分析:這是特設(shè)語境,插入語 Alice 暗示后面句子為帶主語的祈使句,正確**: B .
( 4 ) Who do you think _______ us a talk this afternoon?
A. to give B. gave
C. will give D. giving
分析:do you think 是一個(gè)插入語,將其去掉的話,剩余部分用陳述語序。正確**: C .
( 5 ) Philip is a New Yorker, _______ , he lives in New York.
A. that is B. besides
C. after all D. in one word
分析:直接選擇適合上下文語境的插入語。正確**: A .
2. 閱讀理解和完形填空。閱讀中出現(xiàn)大量插入語會(huì)增加理解障礙。熟練掌握插入語,有利于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),理解文章大意。例如: I, of course, like a bicycle better. It doesn’t cost me much, yet it brings me a lot of convenience. What’s more, it doesn’t pollute the air. Bicycles are really good friends of people’s.
3. 寫作。書面表達(dá)要求語言連貫、地道,恰當(dāng)使用插入語,可以給文章增色不少。例如: Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters - in other words, I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can to make sure that I get a good education. They do not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get good marks in all my subjects. We may be one family and live under the same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk together. It looks as if my parents regard me as a visitor or a guest. Do they really understand their own daughter? How things are in other homes, I wonder.
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拓展知識(shí):
insert語句
在sql語句中insert語句用于將一行或多行插入表中。SQL語言,是結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言StructuredQueryLanguage的簡稱。是一門特殊母的編程語言。SQL語言是一種數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢和程序設(shè)計(jì)語言,用于存取數(shù)據(jù)以及查詢、更新和管理關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng),同時(shí)也是數(shù)據(jù)庫腳本文件的擴(kuò)展名。
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